Fluid Testers
Battery Testing should be done in multiple tests. The most accurate method is measurement of specific gravity along with battery voltage. To measure specific gravity, use a temperature compensating digital hydrometer and to measure voltage use a digital D.C. Volt meter. A quality load tester is also a good tool if you need to test sealed batteries.
No matter which method of testing you choose, you must first fully charge the battery and then remove the surface charge. To remove surface charge the battery must be discharged for several minutes.
| State of Charge | Specific Gravity | Voltage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12V | 6V | ||
| 100% | 1.265 | 12.7 | 6.3 |
| *75% | 1.225 | 12.4 | 6.2 |
| 50% | 1.190 | 12.2 | 6.1 |
| 25% | 1.155 | 12.0 | 6.0 |
| Discharged | 1.120 | 11.9 | 6.0 |
*Sulfation of Batteries starts when specific gravity falls below 1.225 or voltage measures less than 12.4 for a 12v battery, or 6.2 for a 6 volt battery. Sulfation hardens on the battery plates reducing and eventually destroying the ability of the battery to generate Volts and Amps.
Load testing is yet another way of testing a battery. Load test removes amps from a battery much like starting an engine would. A load tester can be purchased at most auto parts stores. Some battery companies label their battery with the amp load for testing. This number is usually 1/2 of the CCA rating. For instance, a 500CCA battery would load test at 250 amps for 15 seconds. A load test can only be performed if the battery is near or at full charge.
The results of your testing should be as follows:
Hydrometer readings should not vary more than .05 differences between cells.
Digital Voltmeters should read as the voltage is shown in this document. The sealed AGM and Gel-Cell battery voltage (full charged) will be slightly higher in the 12.8 to 12.9 ranges. If you have voltage readings in the 10.5 volts range on a charged battery, that typically indicates a shorted cell.
If you have a maintenance free wet cell, the only ways to test are voltmeter and load test. Any of the maintenance free type batteries that have a built in hydrometer(black/green window) will tell you the condition of 1 cell of 6. You may get a good reading from 1 cell but have a problem with other cells in the battery.
When in doubt about battery testing, call the battery manufacturer. Many batteries sold today have a toll free number to call for help.
Refractometers